Chinese Immigrants working in the Rice Fields

"Winnowing the rice in the traditional way, before the use of a hand cranked wooden fan"

"Planting rice seedlings in Waikele row by row, using a string for a guide and walking backwards."


"Honouliuli rice farmers in 1909, breaking soil before ploughing."

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Bibliography: (Images from book cited bellow)

Chong, Douglas D.L. Ancestral Reflections: Hawaii's Early Chinese of Waipahu an Ethnic Community Experience, 1885-1935. Honolulu, Hawaii: Waipahu Tsoong Nyee Society, 1998.